A4.1.The actual amount of power generated depends on the intensity of the sunlight radiation
2. When the solar panel is used outdoors, water vapor enters through the back sheet and EVA hydrolyzes, which generates acetate ions, increases the voltage in the internal circuit of the cell, and the electrical performance deteriorates and the output may drop sharply.
3. Solar panel installation method: Depending on the tilt and angle, the amount of sunlight absorbed may differ even in the same environment, and there may be a difference in the amount of power generated. (The installation angle should be such that the sunlight hits the solar cell surface directly (recommended angle: 10° toward the southwest)
4. Weather degradation: The amount of power generated by solar panels fluctuates according to the radiation intensity of the sun, so the amount of power generated varies depending on the weather. If the intensity of sunlight irradiation is significantly reduced, such as rain or cloudiness, the amount of sunlight absorbed by the cell will decrease, and the amount of electricity generated will be reduced.
5. Dirt on the surface of the panel: Due to the adhesion of sand and dust, the power generation efficiency may decrease by about 5%~10%. In addition, if dirt or other objects stick to the cell and become a shadow and power generation cannot be generated normally, the electrical resistance of some parts of the cell may increase, making it difficult for current to flow. This is called the "hot spot phenomenon," and since the electrical resistance increases, the temperature rises locally, which may cause panel deterioration or failure.
6. Connection loss: When a series connection is made, there may be a loss in the current due to the current difference between the cells. In the case of parallel connection, voltage loss occurs due to the voltage difference between the cells, and in the case of a combined connection, a loss of about 8% or more may occur.
7. For crystalline silicon solar panels, when the temperature rises by 1°C, the maximum output and opening circuit voltage may decrease by about 0.04%, and the short-circuit current may increase by 0.04%. In order to avoid affecting the amount of power generated by temperature, the place where the solar panels are installed is a well-ventilated place
8. Temperature coefficient: The temperature coefficient of silicon crystalline solar panels is -0.4%~-0.45%/°C, and the
temperature coefficient of monocrystalline cells tends to be smaller than that of polycrystalline cells. Changes in the external environment temperature and heat generation of solar cells during operation may cause the cell temperature to rise, resulting in a decrease in the amount of power generated by the solar cells.
9. The charging and discharging efficiency of the battery fluctuates depending on the conversion rate of the solar panel
10. Line loss: Use connecting wires with high conductivity and as wide as possible thickness, and the line loss of direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) should be within 5%. In addition, be sure to install not only the connecting wires, but also the connection connectors.
11. Other factors: the conversion efficiency of the controller and inverter, the voltage drop of the charging and discharging circuit of the controller should not exceed 5% of the system voltage. It is recommended to use an inverter with an efficiency of 95% or more.
12. Checking the power generation status of solar panels.
