99.5+% Pure Ground Sulphur Lump, Granule, Patille, Powder and Slate Wholesalers in South Africa

Specification & Packing:

Lump Sulphur
Sulphur Lump is excessively required for a variety of applications in numerous industries such as Chemical industry. We are actively engaged in offering the finest quality Sulphur Lump to our clients. As we believe in offering the best, we leave no stone unturned to acquire Sulphur Lump from the most reliable vendors only.

Specification

Granular Sulphur

Packing - Jumbo Bags

Sulphur Lump Packing Bags is a kind of flexible Intermediate Bulk containers (FIBC bags), also known as Sulphur Lump Big Bags or Sulphur Lump Bulk Bags, bag sulphur, sulphur bags, bagging sulphur, pp bags, pp woven bags with lamination, jumbo bags. Polyproplene and Polyethylene is its main material. It applies to ship bagged sulphur for long distance or ocean transport.

Characteristics:
1.dustproof, moisture-proof, radiation-resistant, safety, fastness,etc.
2.It has high strength structure, easy to load and unload.

What is Sulphur?
The group 6A elements are listed in the Table on the side here. This goup of elements are intimately related to our lives. We need oxygen all the time through out our lives. Did you know that sulfur is also one of the essential elements of life. It is responsible for some of the protein structures in all living organisms. Many industries utilize sulfur, but emission of sulfur compounds is often seen more as a problem than the natural phenomenon. The matallic properties increase as the atomic number increases. The element polonium has no stable isotopes, and the isotope with mass number 209 has the longest half life of 103 years.
Properties of oxygen are very different from other elements of the group, but they all have 2 electons in the outer s orbital, and 4 electrons in the p orbitals, usually written as s2p4
The trends of their properties in this group are interesting. Knowing the trend allows us to predict their reactions with other elements. Most trends are true for all groups of elements, and the group trends are due mostly to the size of the atoms and number of electrons per atom.

The trends are described below:
The metallic properties increase in the order oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, or polonium. Polonium is essentially a metal. It was discovered by M. Curie, who name it after her native country Poland.

Electronegativity, ionization energy (or ionization potential IP), and electron affinity decrease for the group as atomic weight increases.
The atomic radii and melting point increase.

Oxygen differs from sulfur in chemical properties due to its small size. The differences between O and S are more than the differences between other members.

Sulphur is a pale yellow, odourless, brittle solid, which is insoluble in water but soluble in carbon disulphide. Sulphur is essential to life. It is a minor constituent of fats, body fluids, and skeletal minerals.

In 1839, Charles Goodyear accidentally dropped a mixture of rubber and Sulphur into a fire. Goodyear called his rubber materials "vulcanized" after Vulcan the Roman god of fire.

In the 1800s, mothers in Britain often gave their children a spoonful of Sulphur and molasses as a spring tonic. Today, Sulfa drugs fight the bacteria that cause meningitis. Sulphur ointments treat skin infections.
Sulphur dates back thousands of years. Ancient Egyptians made paints with it and bleached their linens with it (as SO2). Early Chinese first used it to make gunpowder. Ancient Greeks used it as a disinfectant and medicine.
Most of the sulfur that is produced is used in the manufacture of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Large amounts of sulfuric acid, nearly 40 million tons, are used each year to make fertilizers, lead-acid batteries, and in many industrial processes. Smaller amounts of sulfur are used to vulcanize natural rubbers, as an insecticide (the Greek poet Homer mentioned "pest-averting sulphur" nearly 2,800 years ago!), in the manufacture of gun powder and as a dying agent.

In addition to sulfuric acid, sulfur forms other interesting compounds. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gas that smells like rotten eggs. Sulfur dioxide (SO2), formed by burning sulfur in air, is used as a bleaching agent, solvent, disinfectant and as a refrigerant. When combined with water (H2O), sulfur dioxide forms sulfurous acid (H2SO3), a weak acid that is a major component of acid rain.

The element Sulphur is a non-metal and will not dissolve in water. The pure element Sulphur has very little smell. The smell you might associate with Sulphur ¬ bad eggs ¬ is actually a compound of Sulphur, the gas known as hydrogen sulphide. Sulphur compounds are also responsible for the smell in garlic, mustard, onions and cabbage. A Sulphur compound even gives skunks their ferociously powerful and long-lasting smell. Indeed, Sulphur is a part of all living tissues. Sulphur is fixed into proteins in plants, and acquired by animals who eat the plant materials.

Did You Know?
Sulphur is the 10th most abundant element in the Milky Way Galaxy. It is found in the earth's crust, in the ocean and even in meteorites.

55 percent of Sulphur is used in the production of Fertilizer. 45 percent is used in producing commercial products.
Sulphur is found in foods - onions, eggs, cauliflower, and soybean flour.
Sulphur is found in humans, chickens, and sheep.
Sulphur is used in matches and fireworks because it burns easily. Its ancient name "brimstone" means "the stone that burns".
Sulphur is an element that occurs naturally in the environment and is the sixteenth most abundant element in the earth’s crust. It's an essential component of all living cells.

What are the properties of sulphur?
Where does it come from?
What is it used for?
Sulphur is Everywhere!

History
Most elemental sulphur is obtained as a co-product, recovered from oil and gas production.
Sulphur that is mined or recovered from oil and gas production is known as brimstone, or elemental sulphur. Sulphur produced as a by-product of ferrous and non-ferrous metal smelting is produced in the form of sulphuric acid.

The Greek name for Sulphur is 'Thion' - hence the product name: Shell Thiogro.
What are the properties of sulphur?

Sulphur is a non-metallic chemical element identified by the letter S.It has the atomic number 16.Sulphur burns with a blue flame that emits sulphur dioxide, notable for its peculiar suffocating odour.

In its native form, it is a yellow crystalline solid. At room temperature, sulphur is a soft, bright-yellow solid.Sulphur is insoluble in water. Unlike most other liquids, the viscosity of sulphur in its molten state, increases above temperatures of 200°C due to the formation of polymers. Pure sulphur known as elemental sulphur is odourless.

Where does it come from?
Sulphur is the 16th most abundant element in nature. It is found in the earth’s crust, in the ocean and even in meteorites. Sulphur occurs naturally all over the world and is most prolific where sulphur-rich gas and oil is processed and refined i.e.the United States, Canada, the Former Soviet Union, and West Asia. Canada is the biggest exporter and China is the biggest importer of sulphur.

What is it used for?
Agriculture: an essential nutrient for crops
Sulphur is one of the essential plant nutrients, along with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. It can contribute to an increase in crop yields in three different ways:

1.It provides a direct nutritive value
2.It provides indirect nutritive value as soil amendments, especially for calcareous and saline alkali soils
3.It improves the efficiency of other essential plant nutrients.

Chemical production
Sulphur is the primary source to produce sulphuric acid, the world’s most used chemical and a versatile mineral acid used as an essential intermediate in many processes in the chemical and manufacturing industries.

Industry
Sulphur is also used in many other industries including non-ferrous metals, pigments, fibres, hydrofluoric acid, carbon disulphide, pharmaceuticals, agricultural pesticides, personal care products, cosmetics, synthetic rubber vulcanization, water treatment, and steel pickling.

Asphalt
Sulphur asphalt (SA), sometimes referred to as sulphur bitumen, sulphur extended asphalt or SEA, is a viable alternative for asphalt road binder. Sulphur’s unique properties to improve the characteristics of asphalt have been known for more than a century.

Concrete
Sulphur concrete is a relatively new corrosion resistant material that contains stones, sand and sulphur polymer cement binder. Sulphur concrete is mixed and placed at a elevated temperature. It rapidly gains high strength over a few hours of cooling and provides an economic long-term performance in many harsh environments.
Sulphur is Everywhere!

Sulphur is used in many textiles, rubber products such as tyres and boots, daily household products such as detergents, paints, paper and carpets. It is also used in many life-saving medicines.

Sulphur Production & Uses
Production of Sulphur carried out in three basic ways:
Mined through the use of wells drilled to sulphur deposits and worked with the “Frasch” method;
Extracted from the oil or gas stream at a processing plant;
Scraped from the surface of the earth or dug out of open pits.
"Crude" sulfur is produced from the Frasch process or recovered from "sour" natural gas or petroleum. Although termed "crude", this sulfur possesses a minimum purity of 99.5 percent and is suitable for a majority of uses. The impurities consist primarily of trapped organic matter.

Sulphur recovery from the Mines
In some regions of the world the sulfur occurs at depths of 500 to 3,000 feet in domes subterraneously up-thrust by columns of salt. This native sulfur associated with the caprock of salt domes and in sedimentary deposits was mined by the Frasch hot-water method, in which the native sulfur was melted underground and brought to the surface by compressed air. The Frasch process utilizes a steel tube made up of three concentric pipes that are driven underground to reach the sulfur deposit. Superheated water is then pumped down under great pressure in the outermost pipe to melt the sulfur. Air pressure from the innermost pipe forces the sulfur up the third pipe to the surface where it cools and solidifies.

In 1900, Herman Frasch was trying to perfect his hot water melting process for producing sulfur. Domestic production was about 3,200 metric tons of sulfur valued at $88,100. Native sulfur deposits in Louisiana, Nevada, Texas, and Utah were mined with conventional mining methods. Domestic sulfur production, including mined elemental sulfur and pyrites, supplied about one-quarter of the U.S. sulfur demand of about 415,000 tons. Most sulfur and pyrites, domestic and imported, were used to produce sulfuric acid that was consumed in many different industries. Virtually all elemental sulfur imports came from the Italian island of Sicily, and pyrite imports were from unspecified locations. Pyrites remained a significant raw material for sulfuric acid until 1982. When the Frasch process was successfully commercialized in 1903, the U.S. sulfur industry took a turn for the better. By about 1915, the United States surpassed Italy as the world’s leading producer of sulfur, a situation that continued throughout the century, during which eight companies produced nearly 340 million tons of sulfur from 36 mines in Louisiana and Texas. Frasch sulfur production hit its peak in 1974 when 12 mines produced 8 million tons.

Recovered Sulphur from oil or gas
Recovered elemental sulfur, a nondiscretionary byproduct from petroleum refining, natural gas processing, and coking plants, was produced primarily to comply with environmental regulations that were applicable directly to emissions from the processing facility or indirectly by restricting the sulfur content of the fuels sold or used by the facility.

Recovered sulfur tonnages are expected to increase as the demand for clean-emission fuel continues.
Sulfur recovery refers to the conversion of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to elemental sulfur. Hydrogen sulfide is a byproduct of processing natural gas and refining high-sulfur crude oils. The most common conversion method used is the Claus process. Approximately 90 to 95 percent of recovered sulfur is produced by the Claus process. The Claus process typically recovers 95 to 97 percent of the hydrogen sulfide feedstream.

Sulfur removal facilities are located at the majority of oil and gas processing facilities throughout the world. The sulfur recovery unit does not make a profit for the operator but it is an essential processing step to allow the overall facility to operate as the discharge of sulfur compounds to the atmosphere is severely restricted by environmental regulations. Oil and gas producers are attempting to maximise production at minimum cost. This often means debottlenecking existing upstream facilities and may result in extra sulfur recovery capacity being required. Oil refiners are also increasingly being forced to comply with legislation reducing the levels of sulfur in products. Combine this with the ability or need to process sourer crude oils and many refiners find that their existing sulfur recovery units do not have sufficient capacity. Furthermore, in many countries environmental legislation is demanding higher recoveries from sulfur recovery units.

Crude natural gas recovered from wells contains fairly high concentrations of H2S and SO2 gases that are separated and converted to elemental sulfur in gas processing companies via different processes (usually Claus process). This process is called gas sweetening process. Condensations or petroleum cuts also could contain sulfur compounds (e.g. mercaptans) that are separated via various processes and are converted to elemental sulfur. According to the industrial reports, more than 45% and 48% of global sulfur is produced in petroleum and gas industries, respectively.

The main uses of Sulphur
1.The main use of sulphur is in the preparation of SO2 which is used in the manufacture of sulphuric acid.
2.Sulphur is used in the manufacture of carbon disulphate, sodium thiosulphate, gun powder, matches and in fireworks.
3.Sulphur is used on vulcanization of rubber. Natural rubber is soft and sticky. Heating it with sulphur makes it hard non-sticky and more elastic. This process of heating of natural rubber with sulphur is known as vulcanization.
4.Sulphur is used as fungicide and insecticide in agriculture and as a disinfectant in medicines.
5.Sulphur is used in ointments for curing skin diseases.
6.Sulphur is used in beauty parlours to give specific shapes to the hair.

Lump Sulphur
The majority of sulphur that is transported around the world is done as a bulk solid. The sulphur is often stored in the open in huge stockpiles at terminals ready to be loaded onto ships, railcars or truck or at plant sites to be melted and used in the production of sulphuric acid. Most sulphur stockpiles are located outdoors in open where it is exposed to wind, rain, dust, salt air, etc. In some cases sulphur is stored indoors where some protection from the elements is available.
Bulk sulphur produced from sulphur that has been crushed from larger pieces will be irregular in shape and posses many sharp edges and points which will be easily broken producing smaller particles and dust.

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