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Polishing is the process of creating a smooth and shiny surface by rubbing it or by applying a chemical treatment , leaving a clean surface with a significant specular reflection.

Electroless deposition (ED) or electroless plating is defined as the autocatalytic process through which metals and metal alloys
are deposited onto conductive and nonconductive surfaces. These nonconductive surfaces include plastics, ceramics, and glass etc.
which can then become decorative, anti-corrosive, and conductive depending on their final functions. Electroplating unlike electroless deposition only deposits on other conductive or semi-conductive when a external current is applied. Electroless deposition deposits metals onto 2D and 3D structures such as screws, nanofibers, and carbon nanotubes unlike other plating methods such as Physical Vapor Deposition ( PVD), Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), and electroplating which are limited to 2D surfaces.

Only small-diameter tubing (which more easily resists pressure) is needed if the pump is separated from the press cylinder. Hydraulic presses are commonly used for forging, clinching, molding, blanking, punching, deep drawing, and metal forming operations. Hydraulic presses are also used for stretch forming, rubber pad forming, and powder compacting.The hydraulic press is advantageous in manufacturing, it gives the ability to create more intricate shapes and can be economical with materials A hydraulic press will take up less space compared to a mechanical press of the same capability. The hydraulic press depends on (Pascal's principle).The pressure throughout a closed system is constant. One part of the system is a piston acting as a pump, with a modest mechanical force acting on a small cross-sectional area; the other part is a piston with a larger area which generates a correspondingly large mechanical force.